Sanctions are a Tool of Empire

Sanctions & Embargoes only Hurt the People

In light of the economic collapse and ongoing social and political unrest in Venezuela and Iran, we must examine U.S. economic sanctions and how they contribute to and exacerbate these dynamics.

Although framed as something much more innocuous or even righteous, sanctions are a form of economic warfare used to enforce U.S. & Western empire.

What Sanctions Are

Sanctions block a country’s sovereign ability to act freely in a global world. They restrict trade, banking, investment, and access to global markets.

Despite the myth of “free markets,” sanctions show how capitalism really works: Markets are only free when they serve power.

They are usually installed against nations that show signs of independence from US and Western (capitalist) interests, such as any meaningful socialist policies, nationalizing resources or limiting foreign ownership or resources or property.

Although the claim is usually around “punishing” a government for human rights abuses,

  1. There are plenty of governments that commit egregious human rights abuses that are never sanctioned because of favorable business policies towards US interests (global western capital),
  2. The US is itself guilty of grave human rights abuses both at home and abroad, so cannot claim to have any moral authority, and
  3. Many of the abuses are either exaggerated, outright fabricated, or are simply scapegoats to cover the real motives. To be clear: this does not excuse human rights abuses by any government, but sanctions are never the answer: they are never driven by a moral imperative, and are never successful in improving the materials conditions of the people of the countries affected.

How Sanctions are Used

US foreign policy uses sanctions as a key part of a familiar playbook:

  • Claim that a government is a “dictatorship” or “threat” to democracy or security
  • Cut the country off from trade and money
  • Cause shortages, inflation, and unemployment
  • People suffer — food, medicine, fuel become scarce
  • Blame the suffering on the government, not the sanctions
  • Further stir up unrest by covert actions on the ground agitating dissent and violence
  • Often, provide material support for right-wing political opposition that favors US intervention and resource privatization

The goal is pressure, chaos, and instability.

The End Goal

Sanctions are a foundational step in a long-term campaign to destabilize a country or region by creating enough pain to force one of the following outcomes:

  1. Install a pro-U.S. government
  2. Enable or justify a coup
  3. Pave the way for military intervention

All of these are about resource extraction and unfettered access for multinational and Western corporations.

Fact 1: Sanctions Don’t Work

Sanctions Don’t Achieve Their Stated Political Goals

Since 1970, nearly 90% of sanctions have failed — meaning they did not force the target government to change its behavior or leadership. Report after report show that sanctions don’t produce freedom, democracy or peace, they produce suffering.

Fact 2: Sanctions Punish People

Sanctions Hurt the People, Not Leaders

Across 32 empirical studies*, sanctions were shown to:

  • Increase poverty
  • Increase inequality
  • Increase mortality
  • Worsen human rights outcomes

Regional oligarchs and elites adapt, while ordinary people pay the price.

Example: Iraq

Iraq (1990s)

  • Sanctions destroyed water, food, and healthcare systems
  • Hundreds of thousands of civilians — many of them children — died as a direct result
  • Saddam Hussein retained power, up until the eventual US invasion

Sanctions weakened the population, not the ruler.

Example: Venezuela

Venezuela (2010s–present)

  • Oil and banking sanctions collapsed imports and currency
  • Medicine and food shortages surged
  • Tens of thousands of excess deaths
  • Massive emigration as millions fled the country

The government survived. The people suffered. If anything, the sanctions contributed to the rise of the right-wing opposition against the strong socialist base of support.

Example: Syria

Syria (2011–present)

  • Sanctions began early in the conflict and intensified economic collapse
  • They worsened shortages, unemployment, and infrastructure failure
  • Economic destabilization deepened social fragmentation and displacement

Sanctions did not overthrow the government, but they amplified collapse, suffering, and long-term instability, making recovery and reconstruction nearly impossible.

Example: Iran

Iran (since 1979, and especially 2018–present)

  • Sanctions targeted oil exports and global banking access
  • Iran was cut off from foreign currency earnings
  • The rial collapsed; inflation surged sharply

Sanctions directly restrict access to dollars and euros — forcing rapid currency devaluation, import inflation, and rising prices for basics even when goods are technically “allowed.”

Inflation hits civilians first.

Sanctions are a Tool of Empire

Sanctions are a tool of global capitalist imperialism, and movements against US intervention must include a call against sanctions. They do not bring freedom or democracy. They enrich global financial elites, preserve imperial control, and devastate everyday people — again and again.

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